Data encryption is an effective cybersecurity measure. It converts sensitive information into a non-readable language that only the intended receiver can understand it. It is an essential component of digital transformation because it safeguards the security of information stored on or transmitted through computers or networks like the Internet. It provides integrity and authentication which ensures that the information isn’t altered or altered during storage or transmission.
The process of encryption involves converting the original data into a form that can only be read by the person receiving it with a password or a key. In most instances, a user can translate the ciphertext into its original format. Modern encryption techniques utilize algorithms that convert original data to ciphertext. There are a variety of algorithms and methods employed for this purpose that include transposition and substitution techniques. The Caesar cipher is an early example of a substitution cipher. Each letter is replaced with another one at a set number of places down the alphabet.
The encryption of data is often required to ensure compliance with the regulations set by different organizations or standard bodies including the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and other consumer protection laws. It is also a vital security measure to safeguard sensitive information about clients, companies or patient data from cyberattacks. Retailers need to, for instance, safeguard credit card data and shipping information when they transfer these data between networks or systems. The process of encryption can protect data on computers, USB devices and other hardware from theft via physical or digital means by hackers.